Learn Programming

Joomla! is one of the Web Content Management System (CMS) that exist in the Internet world. He can use to manufacture a simple website, such as web communities, online store, up to highly complex websites.

So it can be regarded as the Joomla content management system that is free to use for creating websites. Joomla allows web designers to construct sites by combining modules, and requires no programming knowledge to use.

Joomla has a framework written in PHP, such as the modules used to customize websites. There are various modules available, including RSS feeds, polls, and language internationalization, which makes it easy for Joomla users to publish content to the web, even with minimal web design experience. Joomla! can also be used to publish information on the intranet, making it a useful organizational tool.

In addition, website creation Joomla! also does not require long time. Thus, the time, effort, and our thoughts are not depleted when made. With Joomla!, We created a website that will appear professional.

Joomla! Basic Elements

Because Joomla! an open source code, anyone can write modules and extensions of the system, making it very easy to adapt. This module is available for download, typically through their creators websites.

Many web designers also create Joomla design elements, the so-called "theme", which is then made available for download. Not all Joomla themes are free, however, and many web designers will create custom themes for various prices.

When this article was written, the latest version of Joomla! is Joomla 1. 6 Beta 9. we can download it at the site www.Joomla. org. Joomla!, In outline, is composed of three basic elements: PHP scripting, MySQL database and Apache web server.

PHP script is programming code in PHP language that is used to create a Joomla! Own MySQL database serves as a repository of web content and web server that is used to support PHP applications. While acting as Apache web server and MySQL for its database.

Joomla is often compared to Drupal, other systems with open source content management. Joomla is often described as an easy to use, at first, but Drupal seems more adaptable if the user is able to deal with technical issues. One of the key features of Joomla! is a graphical interface, which has less of a learning curve from the system menu Drupals.

The name "Joomla" is a transliteration of the Swahili word which means "together" or "as a whole". He was elected as part of the process of re-branding for the software was originally developed as part of the Mambo content management system.

Mambo is controversial interrogation center what is open source software, and a foundation member accused of accused of planning effort funded project capitalization. The Mambo development team, in turn, left the project and released the first version of the Joomla! - Essentially Mambo version 4.5.2.3 - in 2005.

In addition to visual templates, Joomla! have the ability to expand through the modules and plugins which extends the capabilities of the system. Some extensions can be quite strong. They can be a photo slide show or some form of user management. There are even extensions to integrate credit card payment system and shopping cart to Joomla.

The flexibility provided by Joomla for web design was considered to be quite amazing. The author is not one of the web designers but Joomla! allows the author to focus only on the content and articles published instead of constantly dealing with design issues.

One option that you will find when you research the Joomla! more is that the company has developed a template design Joomla! specific that you can place on top of the standard design.

Often there are clubs Joomla! template that allows you to subscribe to them and get to continue using a constant flow of visual changes that they provide.

If you want to change the look of your system on a regular basis, the authors would recommend investing in a membership club like this.

Although there are claims of ease of use offered by Joomla!, There is a very difficult learning process involved with this type of software if you do not ever get to work with them before. Fortunately there are many video tutorials Joomla! available on the internet to provide a way of learning with a visual aid to set up and manage a Joomla website!.

For those who have a Symbian phone type, following the latest Symbian applications are fairly good.

WeChat 4.2
Is a social media application that can be used for Gadgets SmartPhone devices.

Camera-fx-v2
This type of camera has many advantages, among which is to reverse the picture, have 5 frames, reflection effects, colors, effects 3G, multi-language, and so forth.

Orcid-fone-detectif
Is an application that can track the phone if it is lost.

Crrypto
Is an application that can locking files using a password

mumSMS +. sis
Is an application that works on s60v2 hide incoming sms. If there is text entry, which sounds just tone without any contents. Messages can be seen when entering into mumSMS application.

wowvideo.sis
In general, if we receive a call that is heard only the sound of the tone alone. However, with this application, can menggetahui call with no video display on the phone screen.

DivXPlayer v0.89en.sis
Is a mobile video player application with Symbian v2 Xvid formats, and avi.

CorePlayer.v1.3.0.sis
Is a multi-function applications. Has a greatness that can play video with formats 3gp, mp4, rm, avi, divx. This application can also play mp3 songs as well as be able to open an image.

LCGJukebox.v1.01.s60v2.sis
Is an application to play mp3. The surplus has equalizer. This application can make the bass boom for users N70, N72, and N90.

ETIcamcorder.sis
Is an application that can record video in avi format. Video recording is smooth. Can be played in Smartmovie v.3.4.1.sis

SmartMovie v.3.4.1.sis
Smartmovie is an application for memuta video format avi, and divx. Register with code 12345.

FIVN_Player_s60v2v.2.2.4.sis
If there is an incoming call, you automatically hear the song being disconnected. With the application Fivnplayer the problem can be resolved.

FIVN_Player_s60v2v.2.2.4.sis is an application to play mp3 that can hear a song once receiving a phone call. I click the "Options", "Settings", "Sound priority". Then change the option "Normal" to "High". For users of the Nokia 6600, an application must first install mp3 codec 6600.

Of course, the latest Symbian applications will continue to grow and spoil the user's mobile phone operating system Symbian.

Latest applications for the Symbian operating system the spoil of the Symbian mobile phone users. But before we review these applications, we first need to know about Symbian itself.

Symbian is an operating system developed by Symbian Ltd.. designed as mobile equipment applications. But now all the shares in Symbian Ltd.. has been owned by Nokia. Where previously only had Nokia shares (47.9%), Ericsson (15.6%), Panasonic (10.5%), Samsung (4.5%), Siemens / BenQ (8.4%), Sony Ericsson (13.1%).

The Symbian operating system is widely used by a variety of mobile communication products. The system is capable of operating in multi-threading, multitasking and memory protection against. Ability and has run more than one application at a time.

Symbian has several versions are constantly being developed. Initially known as Symbian OS v5. Then came the Symbian v6.0 known as the ER6. This system is open to perform a software installation by a wide range of application developers. And in 2005, emerging generation OS v9.1 Symbian better known as capability-based security. Security system set the access point to the installation of an application.

Symbian continues to evolve and emerge successful Symbian OS v9.2 reform Bluetooth connection using Bluetooth v.2.0. Not only that, on July 12, 2006, they issued a new version of the Symbian OS v9.3. This version of the technology using wireless (wifi) and other standard components is HSDPA. While the latest version of Symbian is Symbian OS v9.5s.

Mobile is the most widely circulated today is that many phones using the OS Symbian v6.1s, Symbian v7.0s, RV 47 75, v8.OS, and v9.1s. While the Nokia N series Symbian OS v9.1s general use, but the Nokia N95 is using Symbian OS v9.2s. Nokia is a mobile phone use dominating Symbian OS.

Types of Mobile that uses Symbian OS:

• S60v0.9 Symbian OS 6.1: Nokia 7650.
• S60v1 (v1.2) Symbian OS 6.1: Nokia 3620, 3650, 3600, Nokia N-Gage, N-Gage QD, Sendo X, X2, Siemens SX1.
• Symbian OS 7.0 S60v2: Nokia 6600, Panasonic X700, X800, Samsung SGH-D720, SGH-D728, SGH-D730, SGH-Z600.
• S60v2 FP1 (S60v2.1) OS7.0: Nokia 3230, 6260, 6620, 6670, 7610.
• S60v2 FP2 (S60v2.6) OS8.0a: Lenovo P930, Nokia 6630, 6680, 6681, 6682.
• S60v2 FP3 (S60v2.8) OS8.1a: Nokia N70, N72, N90
• OS9.1 S60v3: Nokia 3250, 5500 Sport, E50, E60, E61, E61i, E62, E65, E70, N71, N73, N75, N77, N80, N91, N91 8GB, N92, N93, N93i, Samsung SGH-i570
• S60v3 FP1 (S60v3.1) OS9.2: LG KS10, KT610, KT615, 5700 XpressMusic, 6110 Navigator, 6120 classic, 6121 classic, 6124 classic, 6290, E51, E63, E66, E71, E90 Communicator, N76, N81, N81 8GB, N82, N95, N95 8GB, Samsung SGH-G810, SGH-i400, SGH-i408, SGH-i450, SGH-i458, SGH-i520, SGH-i550, SGH-i550w, SGH-i560, SGH-i568 .
• S60v3 FP2 (S60v3.2) OS9.3: 5320 XpressMusic, 5630 XpressMusic, 5730 XpressMusic, 6210 Navigator, 6220 classic, 6650 fold, 6710 Navigator, 6720 classic, 6730 classic, 6760 slide, 6790 Surge, E52, E55, E71x, E72, E75, N78, N79, N85, N86 8MP, N96, Samsung GT-i8510 (INNOV8), GT-I7110, SGH-L870.
• S60v5 Nokia 5800 XpressMusic, 5800 Navigation Edition, 5530 XpressMusic, 5230, 5233, N97, N97 Mini, C5-03, C6, X6, Samsung i8910 Omnia HD, Sony Ericsson Satio, Sony Ericsson Vivaz, Sony Ericsson Vivaz pro.
• Symbian3 (S3): Nokia N8, E7, C6-01, C7, X7, C7 Astound, E6 Communicator.
• Symbian Anna: Nokia 500, E6, 801.
• Nokia Belle (OS 10.1): Nokia 600, 603.700, 701

Each operating system whatever it's called, certainly has its advantages and disadvantages. The following strengths and weaknesses of the Symbian operating system.

Pros:

• Easily incorporate a variety of applications, both format jar, sis and sisx, or exe file. And easily enter the game.
• Symbian mobile phone operating embed 3D quality, so the quality of the game for the better and satisfying.
• Engage has features, which can display the quality of games like computer games.
• Can open many applications at once (multitasking). For example, open the app browsing while playing the game.
• Easy to set up folders.
• Can operate opera mini launcher
• Make it easy to get free internet facility, both a hotspot and phreaking.

Enjoy advantages over the hacking process requires the user first Symbian Os 3rd generation / v3 and above. This is due to the developer Symbian Os protect the mobile phone.

Cons:

• The operating system uses the open operating system. Phones that use these systems vulnerable to viruses such as Postcard, Cabir, SymbOS, skulls and others.
• Easy to hang and slowly when infected with the virus. Similarly, if a lot of applications installed.

After we discuss about Algorithms and Programming, so now we will discuss about algorithms in a programming.

In a programming algorithm is a sequence of procedures or steps that have been taken into account systematically to resolve a problem with a computer programming language that has been defined. Algorithm as a sequence of steps or procedures, there is the beginning and the end.

When referring to the opinion of Knuth, when developing the algorithm and programming, there are some necessary condition that must always be considered by a programmer or programmer. The first thing to note when someone makes the algorithm is the finiteness of all processes within the program that must be made is final.

Then the second element that must be considered in making the programming algorithm and each step in the program is made very clear or definiteness, not have ambiguous things that will affect the sustainability of a program.

Every algorithms and programming should have the output, but has absolutely no input. In a program, algorithm language should be made so simple but still effective in accordance with the purpose of making the program. That guides in developing algorithms and programming.

Apart from having to meet certain requirements or rules as expressed by Knut in making algorithms and programming, the algorithm also consists of several types depending on the types of instruction or guidance program itself. The first type of algorithm is in a programming sequence.

Type sequence algorithm is based on the form of instructions that are assigned sequentially. However, if the instruction is made such that the algorithm is based on the specific standards or specific criteria, then this type of algorithm is called selection algorithm.

Meanwhile, if the instruction is done by algorithms that satisfy certain conditions, then this type of algorithm is known as the iteration algorithm. And last is the kind of concurrent algorithms. Concurrent algorithm is an algorithm that uses a lot of instructions on the process are performed simultaneously.

Both algorithms sequence, algorithm selection, algorithm or algorithms concurrent programming iteration in the equally important. Several types of algorithms and programming continues to be one entity chosen by the necessities or the desired output.

To further clarify the algorithms and programming, there is a simple example below. For example, we will create a program to find or calculate the area of a square shape. So, the output is the area of a square shape. Algorithms and programming for this case there are several steps: first is to enter the long side (S), and the width and the latter is a broad writing. That algorithm and simple programming.

Explanation of the steps of the algorithm can be made in the form of pseudo code that is specific tagging or coding in writing an algorithm. Consider the writing of algorithms and other programming, as well as how tagging or written explanation in the form of pseudo code.

For example, a problem that must be made of the program is looking for the smallest number of multiple numbers. Writing algorithms and programming it is through a five-step instructions. First, enter the first number. Second, insert the second number and so on.

The third step is an instruction that states the first number from the second number, then continue to step four. If the first number is not from the second number, then do step 5. Fourth step is to display the first number. The fifth step, show number two.

Algorithms and programming of the above cases can be written with coding or written using pseudo code, so it looks more clear to understand instructions and programming algorithms earlier. Pseudo code for the above case based algoritama and pemrogamannya are as follows: (1) Input X, (2) Y Input, (3) If XY then step 5 else step 4, (4) Write Y and (5) Write X.

Algorithm and Programming Language

It is understood that the algorithm is a sequence of procedures or steps that have been taken into account systematically remedy resolve a problem. While the definition of programming is an instruction that directs or arrange for the conduct or a particular work based on the steps or procedures (algorithms).

To realize such a move instruction, so that the computer can translate as expected, then it should use language that is understood by the computer.

Talking about language that can be understood by the computer, in a technique known as two-level programming languages are low level languages and high level languages. Low-level language is a language understood by the computer that a machine language and assembler.

Machine language and assembler said in a low level language programming language because it uses code 0 and 1, or known as binary code. While the language is much higher than that, the language that uses a more complicated coding. Type in a high level programming language is Basic, Pascal, Turbo Pascal, Java and others.

Algorithms and programming are two different elements into a single unit yet. To know each other linkages between these algorithms and programming, should note also that a clear understanding of what is meant by the algorithm and what the programming.

Algorithms and programming, will always be found when someone would do a program, whatever it is that simple. Algorithms and programming into sections into a single unit. In a program or when you are going to make a program, that's where it will use the algorithm.

To understand the algorithms and programming, of course, have to understand first about the algorithm and understand how a program was born. Simply put when a programmer faced with the demands of making a program, it must pass through the stages or step by step in creating a program.

It was then that he will be dealing with algorithms and programming. Why so?

Because the algorithm is the basis for the calculation of the objectives of the program will translate into a language understood by the machine, so it came out a form in accordance with the desired program. Here's why the algorithms and programming into two things that can not be separated.

In making an earlier program, a programmer will deal with how the work of defining the problem, then find a way out, after discovering the family road and how to embed them into the form of algorithms. After determining the algorithm, then it will start to write the program.

At the time of writing the program start to finish, can not be said to be successful. Because the slightest mistake in determining the algorithm, will not make a path or a program error.

Thus, after you finish writing the program in the form of algorithms, then he should test it before it step by step. If indeed the program that has been tested in accordance with desired at the beginning of the production, then it will be hidden. Algorithms and programming are two sides of a coin.

That's when talk of algorithms and programming problems, the problem becomes simpler. As well as a program that looks easiest or simplest, is a complicated job. In defining the problem, for example, a programmer must first determine the issue before finally determining what kind of input and output of the program looks like.

When these steps are right, then he will be able to find the best solution to overcome these problems. In searching for this solution, a programmer will divide into several modules that are not too complicated. After each module is completed, the final stage is how to combine or synergize each module so that it connected perfectly.

At the time of searching for a solution and then think about becoming an output of the desired program, then a programmer will work-related algorithms that determine the appropriate algorithm to be efficient in accordance with the existing problems. This is where started to be seen how the correlation algorithms and programming.

The next step when a program is how to write the program into a programming language that is appropriate and controlled, then be adjusted to any hardware that will be used in the application program. This is very important because without regard to its compatibility, it is feared the program could not be integrated with other hardware devices.

Then test the program, documenting them and of course how to take care programs that have successfully made it. That's how complicated when talking between algorithms and programming.

Latest applications for the Symbian operating system the spoil of the Symbian mobile phone users. But before we review these applications, we first need to know about Symbian itself.

Symbian is an operating system developed by Symbian Ltd.. designed as mobile equipment applications. But now all the shares in Symbian Ltd.. has been owned by Nokia. Where previously only had Nokia shares (47.9%), Ericsson (15.6%), Panasonic (10.5%), Samsung (4.5%), Siemens / BenQ (8.4%), Sony Ericsson (13.1%).

The Symbian operating system is widely used by a variety of mobile communication products. The system is capable of operating in multithreading, multitasking and memory protection against. Kemampun and has run more than one application at a time.

Symbian has several versions are constantly being developed. Initially known as Symbian OS v5. Then came the Symbian v6.0 known as the ER6. This system is open to perform a software installation by a wide range of application developers. And in 2005, emerging generation OS v9.1 symibain better known as capability-based security. Security system set the access point to the installation of an application.

Symbian continues to evolve and emerge successful Symbian OS v9.2 reform Bluetooth connection using Bluetooth v.2.0. Not only that, on July 12, 2006, they issued a new version of the Symbian OS v9.3. This version of the technology using wireless (wifi) and other standard components is HSDPA. While the latest version of Symbian is Symbian OS v9.5s.

Mobile is the most widely circulated today is that many phones using the OS Syimbian v6.1s, Syimbian v7.0s, RV 47 75, v8.OS, and v9.1s. While the Nokia N series Symbian OS v9.1s general use, but the Nokia N95 is using Symbian OS v9.2s. Nokia is a mobile phone use dominating Symbian OS.

Types of Mobile that uses Symbian OS:

• S60v0.9 Symbian OS 6.1: Nokia 7650.
• S60v1 (v1.2) Symbian OS 6.1: Nokia 3620, 3650, 3600, Nokia N-Gage, N-Gage QD, Sendo X, X2, Siemens SX1.
• Symbian OS 7.0 S60v2: Nokia 6600, Panasonic X700, X800, Samsung SGH-D720, SGH-D728, SGH-D730, SGH-Z600.
• S60v2 FP1 (S60v2.1) OS7.0: Nokia 3230, 6260, 6620, 6670, 7610.
• S60v2 FP2 (S60v2.6) OS8.0a: Lenovo P930, Nokia 6630, 6680, 6681, 6682.
• S60v2 FP3 (S60v2.8) OS8.1a: Nokia N70, N72, N90
• OS9.1 S60v3: Nokia 3250, 5500 Sport, E50, E60, E61, E61i, E62, E65, E70, N71, N73, N75, N77, N80, N91, N91 8GB, N92, N93, N93i, Samsung SGH-i570
• S60v3 FP1 (S60v3.1) OS9.2: LG KS10, KT610, KT615, 5700 XpressMusic, 6110 Navigator, 6120 classic, 6121 classic, 6124 classic, 6290, E51, E63, E66, E71, E90 Communicator, N76, N81, N81 8GB, N82, N95, N95 8GB, Samsung SGH-G810, SGH-i400, SGH-i408, SGH-i450, SGH-i458, SGH-i520, SGH-i550, SGH-i550w, SGH-i560, SGH-i568 .
• S60v3 FP2 (S60v3.2) OS9.3: 5320 XpressMusic, 5630 XpressMusic, 5730 XpressMusic, 6210 Navigator, 6220 classic, 6650 fold, 6710 Navigator, 6720 classic, 6730 classic, 6760 slide, 6790 Surge, E52, E55, E71x, E72, E75, N78, N79, N85, N86 8MP, N96, Samsung GT-i8510 (INNOV8), GT-I7110, SGH-L870.
• S60v5 Nokia 5800 XpressMusic, 5800 Navigation Edition, 5530 XpressMusic, 5230, 5233, N97, N97 Mini, C5-03, C6, X6, Samsung i8910 Omnia HD, Sony Ericsson Satio, Sony Ericsson Vivaz, Sony Ericsson Vivaz pro.
• Symbian3 (S3): Nokia N8, E7, C6-01, C7, X7, C7 Astound, E6 Communicator.
• Symbian Anna: Nokia 500, E6, 801.
• Nokia Belle (OS 10.1): Nokia 600, 603.700, 701

Each operating system whatever it's called, certainly has its advantages and disadvantages. The following strengths and weaknesses of the Symbian operating system.

Pros:

• Easily incorporate a variety of applications, both format jar, sis and sisx, or exe file berextensi. And easily enter the game.
• Symbian mobile phone operating embed 3D quality, so the quality of the game for the better and satisfying.
• Engage has features, which can display the quality of games like computer games.
• Can open many applications at once (multitasking). For example, open the app browsing while playing the game.
• Easy to set up folders.
• Can operate opera mini launcher
• Make it easy to get free internet facility, both a hotspot and phreaking.

Enjoy advantages over the hacking process requires the user first Symbian Os 3rd generation / v3 and above. This is due to the developer Symbian Os protect the mobile phone.

Cons:

• The operating system uses the open operating system. Phones that use these systems vulnerable to viruses such as Postcard, Cabir, SymbOS, skulls and others.
• Easy to hang and slowly when infected with the virus. Similarly, if a lot of applications installed.

Best Symbian OS Applications

For those who have a Symbian phone type, following the latest Symbian applications are fairly good.

WeChat 4.2
Is a social media application that can be used for Gadgets SmartPhone devices.

Camera-fx-v2
This type of camera has many advantages, among which is to reverse the picture, have 5 frames, reflection effects, colors, effects 3G, multi-language, and so forth.

Orcid-fone-detectif
Is an application that can track the phone if it is lost.

Crrypto
Is an application that can menguncil files using a password

mumSMS +. sis
Is an application that works on s60v2 hide incoming sms. If there is text entry, which sounds just tone without any contents. Messages can be seen when entering into mumSMS application.

wowvideo.sis
In general, if we receive a call that is heard only the sound of the tone alone. However, with this application, can menggetahui call with no video display on the phone screen.

DivXPlayer v0.89en.sis
Is a mobile video player application with Symbian v2 Xvid formats, and avi.

CorePlayer.v1.3.0.sis
Is a multi-function applications. Has a greatness that can play video with formats 3gp, mp4, rm, avi, divx. This application can also play mp3 songs as well as be able to open an image.

LCGJukebox.v1.01.s60v2.sis
Is an application to play mp3. The surplus has equalizer. This application can make the bass boom for users N70, N72, and N90.

ETIcamcorder.sis
Is an application that can record video in avi format. Video recording is smooth. Can be played in Smartmovie v.3.4.1.sis

SmartMovie v.3.4.1.sis
Smartmovie is an application for memuta video format avi, and divx. Register with code 12345.

FIVN_Player_s60v2v.2.2.4.sis
If there is an incoming call, you automatically hear the song being disconnected. With the application Fivnplayer the problem can be resolved.

FIVN_Player_s60v2v.2.2.4.sis is an application to play mp3 that can hear a song once receiving telephon. I click the "Options", "Settings", "Sound priority". Then change the option "Normal" to "High". For users of the Nokia 6600, an application must first install mp3 codec 6600.

Of course, the latest Symbian applications will continue to grow and spoil the user's mobile phone operating system Symbian.

Before we plunge further into the web programming, it helps us know the meaning of each of these words. Instruction set is a collection of programs that will be executed by the processor, in the form of software. How can a computer system thinks governed by this program.

This is a program that controls all the activities available in the processor. Construction program contains logic that created by humans, and has been translated into machine language in accordance with the existing format on the instruction set. While programming is a programming process that will be executed by the computer.

Site or sites can be defined as a collection of pages that are used to display information, pictures, motion pictures, sound, and or a combination of all the good they are static or dynamic form a series of interconnected buildings where each one is associated with links. So, web programming is the process of making a program called a web or site.

What is a shell? the shell is a program (command interpreter) that bridges the user's operating system in kernel (the core of the operating system), usually a shell providing prompt as the user interface, where users type the desired commands in the form of an internal shell command (internal command), execution of a command or program file (an external command), but it lets the user compose a set of shell commands on one or more files to be executed as a program.

Shell programming is compiling or group multiple shell commands (internal or external command) into a set of commands that perform specific tasks in accordance constituent goals. Excess shell in Linux than other operating systems is that in linux shell allows us to construct a series of commands as well as the programming language. Process I / O, select conditions, loops, making the functions are the processes that are generally carried out by a programming language.

For the general public this term is not yet widely known. This term is only really be understood by the programmers only. However, there is no harm if we try to figure it out, right? To that end, this article will give you a little understanding of the Matlab programming.

Matlab is a programming language that comes with the functions and characteristics that are different from any other programming language that already exists first as Delphi, Basic or C + +. MATLAB is a high-level programming language that is specific to the needs of technical computing, visualization and programming such as mathematical computation, data analysis, algorithm development, simulation and modeling and calculation charts.

Matlab comes with a feature on the functions of mathematics, physics, statistics, and visualization. Developed by MathWorks Matlab, which was originally created to provide easy access to the data matrix in the LINPACK and EISPACK projects. Currently Matlab has hundreds of functions that can be used as a problem solver ranging from simple to complex problems from various disciplines.

Linear programming is a mathematical method of allocating limited resources to achieve a goal such as maximizing profits and minimizing costs.

Linear programming problems are widely applied in the economic, industrial, military, social and others. Linear programming deals with the explanation of a case in the real world as a mathematical model consisting of a linear objective function with multiple linear constraints.

Linear programming has several properties or characteristics. Linearity properties of a case can be determined by using graphs (scatter diagram) or use a hypothesis test. Met if the proportional nature of the contribution of each variable in the objective function or limit the use of resources proportional to the level of the variable value.

Additivitas nature assumes that there is no cross-product terms between the various activities. Divisibilitas nature of the activity means the unit can be divided into any fractional levels. The nature of certainty demonstrated that all parameters of the model in the form of constants. This means that the objective function coefficients and the limiting function is a definite value, not the value of the specific opportunities.

Linear program is a field of science that is learned in mathematics courses. The linear programming problems with studying the relationships between all the variables that are linear. In linear programming, a lot of dealing with constraints, functions, responsibilities visible and invisible replied.

Linear Programming method first discovered by U.S. statisticians named Professor. George Dantzig (Father of the Linear Programming). Linear programming is a mathematical method of allocating limited resources to achieve a goal such as maximizing profits and minimizing costs. Linear programming problems are widely applied in the economic, industrial, military, social, and others. Linear programming deals with the explanation of a case in the real world as a mathematical model consisting of a linear objective function with multiple linear constraints.

In completion of the Linear programming optimization, there are several steps that must be carried out, namely:

• Determine the decision of variables.
• Making objective function.
• Formulate constraints.
• Describing in graphic form.
• Determine the area of possibility / "feasible".
• Determining the optimum solution.

There are two types of approaches are commonly used in the Linear Programming methods, namely:

Graph Method

• Used to complete the optimization with a maximum of 2 variables.
• For more than two variables, the solution using the second method.

Simplex Method

• Used to process the number of variables is more than 2.
• Stages in simpeks method is more kompeks than the graphical method.

There are three stages in the use of linear programming techniques. First, the problem must be identified as something that can be solved by linear programming. Second, the problem of unstructured money should be formulated in a mathematical model to become structured. Third, the model must be solved by mathematical techniques that have been made.

Linear programming techniques illustrate that the relationship linear functions in the solution of mathematical models that have been set in steps of mathematics called program. Thus, linear programming is a model consisting of linear relationships that describe the company's decision with a goal and resource constraints. Therefore, the linear programming model consists of decision variables, objective function and the constraints.

Linear Programming Method

North West Corner Method

North West Corner is one method of searching for feasible solutions early base equilibrium transport problem.

Least Cost Method

Same with the North West Corner method, Least Cost method is one method of searching for feasible solutions early base equilibrium transport problem.

Vogel Approximation Method

Same with the North West Corner method, Vogel's approximation method is one method of searching for feasible solutions early base equilibrium transport problem.

Methods Stepping Stone / Stone Springboard

Methods Stepping Stone / Stone Springboard is one method of testing the optimality of a transport problem.

MODI method (Modified Distribution)

Same with the Stepping Stone method, MODI method is one method of testing the optimality of a transport problem. MODI method is mrupakan metod development of Stepping Stone.

Methods Karmakar

Karmakar method is one method to solve linear programming problems.

Quadratic Interior Point Methods Exstended (EQIP)

Same with the method of Karmakar, EQIP method is one method to solve linear programming problems. EQIP is a deterministic method which is a method of Karmakar method development. EQIP method is developed by James A. Momoh. EQIP method can be used to solve quadratic programming problems (non-linear).

Simplex Method

Simplex method is one method to solve linear programming problems with constraints. This method is a powerful method to solve two variable linear programming problems, for more details simplex method can see in this video link. This method is very slow, but as the development of the times, the simplex method can be solved by software management operations such as TORA, LINDO, LINGO, and others. Simplex method is an iterative method is stopped if the terms have been met.

Dual-Simplex Method

Similarly, the Simplex method, Dual-Simplex method is one method to solve linear programming problems with constraints. Dual-Simplex method moves from a less optimal feasible solution becomes more feasible optimum solution.

Big-M method

Similarly, the Simplex method, Big-M method is one method to solve linear programming problems with constraints. Big-M method is used to solve the constraint functions inequality diverse types.

Dual-phase method

Similarly, the Simplex method, Dual-Phase method is one method to solve linear programming problems with constraints. Dual-phase method is used to solve the constraint functions inequality diverse types, there is even an equation.

Graph Method

As we learned in high school, linear programming problems can be solved by a graphical method

Bisection / biseksi

Bisection / biseksi is one method to solve linear programming problems without constraint functions.

Golden section

Golden section is one method to solve linear programming problems without constraint functions.

Steepest descent

Steepest descent is one method to solve linear programming problems without constraint functions.

Davidon Fletcher

Davidon Fletcher is one method to solve linear programming problems without constraint functions.

Linear Programming Function

Linear programming can be applied to various fields of study. This method is most widely used in business and economics. Also, it can also be utilized in a number of engineering calculations. For example, in economics, the objective function can be associated with an optimal arrangement of resources to obtain the maximum profit or minimum cost, while the limit function illustrates the limits of available capacity optimally allocated to various activities. Industries that utilize linear programming among the transportation industry, energy, telecommunications, and manufacturing. Linear programming is also shown to be beneficial in making models of various types of problems in planning, designing routes, scheduling, assignments, and design.

That's a little explanation of Linear Programming. Hopefully useful explanation given to you.

Programming languages can be divided into procedural programming languages, declarative languages, object-oriented language and the language of Functional Programming. However, this article will only discuss the functional programming language.

Functional programming is a kind of programming that emphasizes its programs based on the theory of mathematical functions. Programming has many benefits, including the Functional Programming, easier to mathematically prove that a program is correct.

Functional programming problem in the module breaks. It is therefore relatively easy to write smaller functions instead of using one large. This ultimately reduces errors and improves readability. Debugging processes in a simple functional programs because the function is well defined and smaller.

Functional programming languages are preferred for scientific and academic purposes rather than in projects for commercial software and application development. However, some functional programming languages such as XSLT (XML), Ocaml, Haskell, Mathematica, Erlang, SQL (Structured Query Language), and Spreadsheets has been widely used in industrial and commercial applications.

Understanding Dynamic Programming

Dynamic programming is a mathematical technique that is usually used to make a decision on a series of interrelated decisions. In this case the dynamic program provides a systematic procedure to determine the optimal combination of decisions. The main purpose of this model is to facilitate the completion of optimization problems which have certain characteristics.

Unlike linear programming, there is no standard form for the mathematical formulation of dynamic programming. However, dynamic programming is a common approach to solving certain problems and equations used in it should be set up according to the situation of the problems encountered.

Dynamic programming is divided into dynamic programming and probabilistic deterministic. Characterized by deterministic dynamic programming where the next stage is determined entirely by the circumstances or decisions at this stage. While the probabilistic dynamic programming is characterized by where the next stage has a certain probability distribution.

What Is Object Oriented Programming?

Object Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm which is oriented to the object. All data and functions within this paradigm wrapped in classes or objects. Compare with structured programming logic.

Any object can receive messages, processing data, and sending messages to other objects. Object-oriented data model is said to be able to give more flexibility, ease of changing the program, and is widely used in large-scale software engineering.

Furthermore, supporters claim that OOP is easier to learn for novice compared with previous approaches, and approaches OOP easier to develop and maintain.

In object-oriented programming, object have data/variables/properties and methods/events/procedures that can be manipulated. Some examples of object-oriented programming, including C + +, Object Pascal, and Java.

Programming is the process of writing, testing, and debug, and maintain code that builds a computer. The code is written in various programming languages.

The purpose of programming is to load a program that can do a "job" or calculation in accordance with the wishes of the programmer.

To perform programming, required skills in logic, algorithms, and programming languages. Moreover, in many cases, required other knowledge, such as mathematics.

Programming Language

Programming language is a computer language that is used in a way to create or design a program. The process of designing or creating a program in accordance with the structure and methods of the programming language itself.

Computers work on the transformation of data by a collection of commands that have been created by the program. The set of commands to be understood by a computer, a particular structure (syntax), and meaningful.

Programming language is a notation for giving appropriate instructions to the computer program. In contrast to the language, eg English, which is the natural language semantics, and syntax.

While a computer programming language is structured and clearly defined, so it is called as a formal language. There are also a variety of programming languages is as follows.

1. Java

Java is an object oriented programming language and platform-independent. This programming language developed by SUN Micro Systems. SUN Micro Systems develops Java with a number of advantages, thus enabling enterprise Java as a development language.

Java programs can be divided into two types, namely applets and applications. Applet is a program created with Java, can be put on the web server and is accessed via a Web Browser. In this case use a browser that has the capability of Java. While the application is made by a Java program are general. Applications can be run directly, no need to use a browser.

a. Java compiler

The name is a Java compiler javac. The program is instrumental in compiling java code source files into a form that can be understood by the Java interpreter. The compilation will be a bytecode file. In this case the suffix is used in the form of *. Classes.

b. Interpreter for Java

Java interpreter to execute plays / runs bytecode files (*. Classes). This program was used to run Java programs, especially for a program that is classified as an application.

c. Java Debugger

Jdb debugger function as interpreters but equipped with special abilities. It means that, like stop program execution at the desired position by the programmer. Moreover, it also displays the value of certain variables. This program is useful for tracking program error.

d. Viewer Applet

Applet viewer, is used to display the applet. This program is usually used to test the applet.

e. Generating Documentation

Generating documentation (Javadoc) function to convert java code source files into HTML file (Hyper Text Markup Language).

f. Generating Header C

Java software is used to generate C header files and C source code based on Java bytecode file.

g. Java IDE

The text editor has a weakness, which does not have the ability to run programs that have been created. It therefore appears IDE (Integrated Development Environment). By using the IDE can directly execute the java program without the need to compile / execute via the command-line. IDE used in the making of this application, which is using Netbeans 6.5

2. Delphi

Delphi is a programming language that uses the same visualization as a VB (Visual Basic) programming language. However, Delphi uses language similar to Pascal (called Object Pascal). No wonder if the use easier.

Delphi programming language developed by CodeGear as a software development division belongs Embarcado. Initially, the division of Borland, so the language is also thinking about a version of "Borland Delphi".

Delphi also uses the concept of the object beriorientasi (OPP). The point is that the programming is done with the help of an application that is approaching the state of the real world. This can be done by designing objects to be able to resolve the problem. OOP has several elements, such as encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

At first, only the Delphi programming language can be used in Microsoft Windows. However, this time has been developed, so that it can be used also in the Linux and Microsoft.Net. By creating a free pascal is a OpenSource project, the programming language can make a program in the Windows CE operating system and Mac OS X.

Generally, the programming language is only used for desktop application development, enterprise-based database, and small programs. However, due to the more rapid development of Delphi and general purpose nature, the program can be used for many kinds of software development.

In 1995, Delphi also referred to as the forerunner of RadTool (Rapid Application Development). This makes a lot of people come to know and love the programming language is the VCL (Visual Component Library) is.

3. PHP

PHP is a recursive acronym for PHP Hypertext preprocessor PHP. PHP is a web programming language, work on the server side to perform on the database connectivity. This can be done only by using syntax-normal HTML syntax.

PHP is widely used to program dynamic web sites, even though it was likely to be used for the other use.

Famous example of a PHP application, namely PHPBB and MediaWiki. PHP can also be seen as an alternative to JSP (Java Sun Microsystems), CGI (Perl), Macromedia ColdFusion, and ASP.NET / C # VB NET Microsoft. Examples of other more complex applications such as CMS built using PHP, which Jommla, Mamboo, Xaraya, Postnuke, and others.

PHP has many advantages over other programming languages. There are also advantages are as follows.

• PHP is a scripting programming language that does not perform a compilation in its use.
• Web server that supports the PHP programming language can be found easily, ranging from apache, nginx, Lighttpd, IIS, until Xitami. Use of the Web server with a relatively simple configuration.
• In the system of PHP development easier, because of the many mailing lists and developers ready to assist in the development.
• In the understanding, PHP is a scripting language that is most convenient, because it has a lot of references.
• PHP is an open source language can be used in various machines (Unix, Linux, Windows, Macintosh and run through the console runtime. Additionally, PHP can also run system commands.

4. Visual Basic

Visual Basic is a computer programming language. This programming language developed by Microsoft since 1991. Visual Basic Developer's predecessor, ie the programming language Basic (Beginner 's All-purpose Symbolic Intruction Code that was developed in the 1950s.

Visual Basic is a Development Tool, which is a tool for making a wide range of computer programs, especially those that use the Windows operating system. Visual Basic is a computer programming language that supports OOP (Object Oriented Programming).

Software Programming

Before discussing programming software, it would be better to know in advance about the understanding of software.

Computer software is a set of electronic data is stored and managed by the computer. The stored data can be either a program or instructions that will run a command. Through this software was a computer can execute a command.

Computer software based distribution is divided into two kinds, namely paid software and free software (shareware, free software, freeware, adware).

Each software has its usefulness, respectively. One of which is the programming software. Programming software is a kind of software that can be used to run certain programs.

Programming software has many variants, namely Basic programming software, Assembly, Pascal, and many other software variants. Each variant of each of the software has ways of working and different levels of difficulty.

So is the article about programming. Starting from the definition, programming languages, to software programming. May be useful for the readers.